Basic machining methods

Basic manufacturing processes are those required to manufacture and make a machine part. Machining benches are used to do these processes in machine manufacturing. One or more benches can be used according to the feature and sensitivity of the workpiece. Especially with the use of CNC benches and additional processing apparatus, all operations for simple workpieces can be successfully performed on a bench.

1. Turning Process
Turning is a circular metal removal process from the rotating workpiece with cutting tools (pencil, insert) with certain geometrical cutting edges. In general, a rotational motion is applied to the workpiece. Turning operations are performed on conventional lathes or CNC lathes in mass production. Turning processes are applied to cylindrical or cylindrical diameter parts. Internal and external with turning processes
turning, face turning, profile turning, grooving, screwing, taper turning, part cutting, curved and angle chamfering, boring, etc. transactions are made.

Lathes are among the basic lathes used in basic manufacturing processes. Metal removal potential has increased especially with the use of coated and insert inserts on CNC lathes. Especially in a short time, parts with precise dimensions and fine surface roughness are successfully processed.

2. Milling Process
Milling is the process of machining flat or curved surfaces, grooves, helical grooves, gears and screw threads, pocket and stage machining, drilling and enlargement processes with single or multi-edged cutting tools with a certain geometric structure. In the milling process, the cutting tool can be moving or both can be movable depending on the workpiece operation state. The milling process can be done on conventional milling machines or finely and precisely.
It is made on CNC milling machines.

General milling operations are classified as plane face milling, profile milling, slot milling, form milling, hobbing milling. In the milling process, hard HSS one-piece cutting tools are used as well as coated insert inserts in recent years. Milling machines have more processing and cutting power than lathes in terms of metal removal process. With the milling process, all kinds of grooving, chip removal from plane surfaces, threading, pocket machining, hole enlargement, large step screwing, obtaining helical and angled surfaces, blind hole drilling, hole drilling, etc. Many operations can be done extremely quickly and precisely.

3. Hole Drilling Process
It is the drilling of cylindrical holes, closed on one side, or cylindrical holes of certain sizes (blind hole) closed on one side, with cutter drills rotating around its own axis, milling cutters. Drill stands are used for drilling. However, by attaching a drilling apparatus to the machine, holes can be drilled on CNC lathes or CNC milling machines. Drilling can be done with drill bits as well as with cylindrical milling cutters. CNC milling machines, hole drilling apparatus, milling cutters are used in drilling holes of certain depths, especially in blind, ie not lengthwise, certain depths, in drilling axial holes of certain precise dimensions.

Drilling is one of the most common basic manufacturing processes. High speed steel (HSS) drills are used in these processes. Coated and indexable drills have been used recently. Especially since these cutters have very high chip removal potential, they are widely used in CNC lathe, CNC milling and CNC boring benches.

4. Reaming Process
Reaming is a hole refinement process with very little chip removal to produce high quality and suitable precision holes. The reaming process is used to provide axial straightness, precise dimensional accuracy and fine surface roughness to the drilled holes.

The reaming process is divided into cylindrical reaming and conical reaming. While the cylindrical reaming process is applied to cylindrical holes, the conical reaming process is used for the correction of tapered holes. The reaming process is similar to drilling holes.
Only a reamer is used instead of a drill for precision machining. Helical or straight grooved reamers are used in these processes.

5. Grinding Process
The grinding process is the process of obtaining a very fine surface precision, providing dimensional accuracy, and obtaining a surface with lower roughness by removing a small amount of machining from the surface of machine parts machined with cylindrical stones of various grain sizes. The grinding process is when the sanding stones, which are formed by the particles combined with binding materials, cut very small amounts from the workpiece, that is, abrasion the workpiece.

The grinding process is usually done on grinding machines. However, it can also be done on CNC turning and milling machines by attaching additional apparatus. 

attached. In CNC machining, especially simple hole and outer surface grinding operations can be done easily in order to save time in places that require additional processing and to eliminate a second process.

In the grinding process, grinding tools combined with natural and artificial particles of various grain sizes and chemical substances are used. Particularly, it is possible to remove a small amount of chips from the surface of parts that are difficult to machine very hard by grinding.

The grinding process is classified as profile grinding, plunge grinding, cylindrical grinding, plane surface grinding as a processing method. Apart from these processes, other basic manufacturing processes are also applied to machine parts. Other basic operations such as honing, lapping, crochet drawing and polishing are also performed. These processes are mostly applied to parts to be processed delicately and finely.